What Happens in Romeo and Juliet Act 1 Scene 1?

Originally posted June 2005. That’s right, five years ago – this is one of my original posts. Sometimes I like to go back and see how my attitudes and approaches have changed. In this particular case, not too much. I still do believe that step 1 in explaining Shakespeare to people is to tell them the story. I never followed up this post because I didn’t have the readership then to get into the discussion, but should we do more of these? Over time we could work through the entire play.

I’m convinced that Shakespeare’s work can be downright entertaining if it can be understood. I think that the emphasis on “Memorize first, and never see the movie” really ruins it. Get the story across. Shakespeare wrote real people in real situations, and if you can point this out to the audience and hook them at that level, the language comes easily.

So in the spirit of putting my money where my mouth is, let’s talk about Romeo and Juliet. For the moment just act 1 scene 1 since obviously I can’t cover the whole play in one blog post.

Two men, Sampson and Gregory, enter. They’re “Capulet”, meaning that they are probably some servant of the house. If you want to think in West Side Story terms, imagine them as all members of the same gang. They banter back and forth, making some fairly ancient jokes that you’re unlikely to get but might be able to figure out if you were to see it performed. Let’s just say that by the time Sampson gets to the line about “thrusting Montague’s maidens to the wall” and being cruel when he cuts off their maidenheads, you can take a pretty good guess at what he’s talking about.

The real fun comes when Balthazar and Abraham, who are Montagues, wander into the picture. Now thus far Sampson and Gregory have just been full of talk. Sure they’ve been saying some pretty big things about what they’ll do to the Montague men (before doing it to their women), but now here are two of them right in front of them. How do the Capulet men react? Sampson “bites his thumb” at them as they pass by. This isn’t really the same obscene gesture now that it was then, so feel free to insert “flips his middle finger.” Gets the same point across. He tries to lure the Montagues into starting something.

The next exchange I have seen played for comedy, where both sides are just big talkers, but it’s also often played with some serious violence, screamed at the top of lungs. Whatever floats your boat. Either there’s some major tension where you just know somebody’s about to get hurt, or you come to realize that this has happened dozens of times in the past and both sides are really just acting out their parts.

The Montagues come over and ask, “Did you just bite your thumb at us?”

“I did bite my thumb, ” says Sampson.

“Did you bite your thumb at us,” asks Abraham again.

Sampson turns to Gregory and asks, “Is the law on my side if I say aye?” Here’s the crucial moment. Both want to say that the other started it, neither wants to be the first to draw (or use) a weapon. Gregory correctly answers, “No.” If you bit your thumb at him, then you started the fight. Sampson backpeddles, “I do not bite my thumb at you, sir, but I do bite my thumb, sir!” How snide is that response? “Nope, I was just sitting here with my middle finger up in the air. Wasn’t directing at you, I just like to stick it up there and wave it around…”

Gregory steps up and asks of the Montagues, “Do you quarrel?” In other words, “Are you looking to start something?” Is Gregory here actually trying to get the Montagues to walk on by? Not really. You’ll see…

“Me?” replies Abraham, “No, not me, I’m not looking at start anything.” The Montagues actually come off well, here, and quite possibly would have walked away.

Sampson makes what is ultimately the losing move when he says, “I’m just saying that if you want to start something, I’m standing right here. I serve as good a man as you.”

Abraham has him now. “No better?”

Sampson thought he was saying the proper thing in defending the honor of his house, and Abraham has trapped him. If he says “Better”, in other words yes, I think that my master Capulet is better than your master Montague, then the fight is on – and Sampson will have started it. But if he says no, Montague is not better than Capulet, then he dishonors his house.

Gregory saves him when he spots some more Capulets coming. “Say better!” he says, knowing that the odds are in their favor. See, I told you that Gregory wasn’t trying to avoid the fight. He was just waiting for it to be an unfair fight.

Sampson needs no more prompting. “Yes, better!” he says, and the fight is on.

Enter more representatives from both sides, Benvolio of the Montagues (sort of), and Tybalt of the Capulets. That’s a mismatch. Benvolio is the peacemaker, trying to beat down the swords of both sides. Tybalt, on the other hand, sees the fight as a great opportunity and tries to help his side win it. Tybalt, as we quickly learn, is pretty single minded in his hatred of the Montagues. “What, drawn, and talk of peace! I hate the word, As I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee: Have at thee, coward!” Those are some pretty strong words given that he just walked in on this argument 3 seconds ago.

Anyway, the fight does not go on long as now the crowds are beginning to gather and the heads of both houses come running out to see what’s going on. The Prince provides the law and order here, and gives us our major plot point — if he catches anybody from either side fighting in the streets again, then they’re dead men. (“If ever you disturb our streets again, our lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace.”) Don’t forget this, it’s going to become a major problem for our hero Romeo right around Act III, Scene i.

So that’s my version of the first scene. It’s actually quite entertaining when you see it performed. I highly recommend checking out one of the movies to see it for yourself. The Zeffirelli version is considered the classic, but I say if the Leonardo DiCaprio version is more what floats your boat (lots of screaming in this one, and guns), then go for it and don’t pay any attention to the critics.

Apparently, I Do Interviews

So this is interesting. A few weeks back a teacher contacted me and asked whether her Shakespeare class could interview me, videoconference-style, over Skype. They’ve been trying to make more use of technology in the classroom and stumbled across little ol’ me.
As a technologist and a Shakespeareist (? :)), I love that idea and immediately said Sure. Truthfully I know a woman who teaches Romeo and Juliet, local to me, and I’ve always secretly hoped that one day she’d invite me in to talk to her class. That’s never going to happen for a wide variety of reasons, but doing a Skype call? Why not?
Thus far, due to various technology and bureaucracy problems (translated: firewalls are a pain), this project hasn’t happened. But it’s not dead yet, just dormant until the next semester.
While we wait, though, I wanted to throw that idea out there. If there’s any teachers of Shakespeare who’d also like to make use of some technology in their classroom and interview a Shakespeare geek, I’m open to the idea. Contact me. 🙂

Performance Enhancing

“Shakespeare was meant to be performed, not read.”
I hear that often. We discuss it, often. For the most part, however, I’ve been a defender of Shakespeare-as-literature. It’s simple reality that most people, in their entire lives, will not have the opportunity to experience most of Shakespeare. And even when they do, they will at best be seeing one particular company’s vision of Shakespeare. You need to see multiple versions to begin to get an idea of the whole. Or…you could just pick up a copy of the Complete Works and read what Shakespeare wrote. Nothing’s stopping you. I flinch when people suggest that the way to interpret the opening quote is “Shakespeare was meant to be performed, not read – so go see it performed, don’t read it.” Argh argh mother fricking argh. No no no. The proper interpretation for me has always been – “Shakespeare was meant to be performed, not merely read – so don’t *just* read it. See it performed at every opportunity, and read to fill in the gaps.”
But I’ve had an epiphany. I’m changing my interpretation, and it goes a little something like this.
“Shakespeare was meant to be performed, not read. SO PERFORM IT, DAMNIT.”
I would love to live in a world where every child, from the time they can sit still for a story, knows the stories of Shakespeare like they know the stories of Cinderella and Rudolph the Red-nosed Reindeer. The problem has always been that not every child will grow up to be an actor. Most, in fact, won’t. So it is unfair to say that unless you perform it, you will never get it. Most won’t ever perform it, therefore most won’t ever get it? Unacceptable.
But who says that perform must mean “become a professional actor” or even “join the school play”? Three Steps, right now off the top of my head, so that everybody can perform Shakespeare, wherever you are, whenever you are:
1) Say it out loud. If you do not ever hear the words you will never fully internalize the words.
2) Stand up. You are not reading a novel, you are speaking an actor’s lines. When you speak, you move. Therefore when your actor speaks, you move.
3) Interact. Shakespeare’s got plenty of soliloquies and sonnets, so if you’ve really got no Shakespeare geek friends you’re not out of luck. But, seriously, if you bust out some Shakespeare and then somebody in your immediate vicinity follows up with the next line? Spontaneous freaking Shakespeare?? I swear to god I don’t know how you don’t sleep with that person immediately. Ok, well, maybe that’s unrealistic. A bit. But I can’t promise it wouldn’t cross my mind. 😉
I’m long out of school and never been an actor. I say Shakespeare, out loud, any and every chance I get. I only wish that I knew more, and that I had more opportunities. My confidence is not always perfect – every time there is a “toasting” opportunity I secretly wish for someone to turn to me and say “How about some Shakespeare?” but I never step up and just do it. I’ll work on that.
You know what they say, Be the change you want to see in the world. Don’t dream it, be it.

What Do We Expect Students To Get, Exactly?

While we fight it out over on that other thread over whether Romeo & Juliet is the best way to introduce Shakespeare, let me start a different thread on a similar topic. What, exactly, do we think that these kids are getting out of Shakespeare? More optimistically, what are we hoping that they get? Is it just for entertainment value? The history lesson? Simply for the accomplishment so they can say they’ve experienced Shakespeare?
This is the question that comes to mind when I hear the occasional teacher say that they’ve done King Lear at the high school level. I believe completely that teenagers can read the play, answer test questions on it, write essays about it, and even perform it. But do they *get* it? *Can* they get it?
One reason that Romeo & Juliet is defended as a good choice is that it’s about similar ages experiencing similar issues – first love, hormones, etc… not to mention violence, and dirty jokes. After all, what are Romeo and Juliet if not horny teenagers? You could have many relevant conversations that start with “You’re in love with someone your parents would not approve of. What do you do?”
On a related note I’ve often explained Hamlet to people this way: “Hamlet is the story of a kid whose father is out of the picture, and then his mom married a guy that he doesn’t get along with. Gee, you think there’s any high school kids out there that might be able to relate to that story?” Personally I was more like a freshman in college before I got into the whole “Wow, yeah, I see what Hamlet was saying….” existential phase, but I suppose that could happen at the high school level, too.
But Lear? How do *most people*, let alone teenagers who haven’t yet experienced most of their lives, get Lear? I think I’m just barely beginning to appreciate the scope of Lear, and that only because a) I’ve got children of my own and b) my parents are at that age where every conversation eventually comes around to “…and here’s what we’re going to leave you when we’re gone, we won’t be around forever you know.”
For me, personally, I like to ask “Having read/understood/absorbed/internalized this play, is my life different?” For Comedy of Errors? Nah, not really. For Hamlet, or Lear, or even The Tempest or Midsummer? Most definitely.
Am I aiming too high? Do we teach Shakespeare to change students’ lives, or just to put that checkmark next to their name saying we did it?

Romeo and Juliet : The War

Want.

Spotted this new Stan Lee project on IO9’s list (posted previously). I don’t know if I’m just getting more into comics lately, but it looks cool. Don’t miss the character sketches. Somebody want to tell them there’s a typo in Montague’s name? 🙂 Benvolio looks pretty badass for a peacemaker.